Understanding the Operation of an Internal Combustion Engine

Overview of Internal Combustion Engine

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine in which combustion of fuel occurs within a confined space. The basic operating cycle involves intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. The engine typically uses gasoline, diesel, or natural gas as fuel.

Working Principle

The internal combustion engine works through the following four-stroke cycle:

1. Intake Stroke

The intake valve opens, and the piston moves down. A mixture of air and fuel is drawn into the cylinder.

2. Compression Stroke

The intake valve closes, and the piston moves up, compressing the air-fuel mixture to prepare it for ignition.

3. Power Stroke

A spark plug ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture, causing an explosion that forces the piston down, producing power.

4. Exhaust Stroke

The exhaust valve opens, and the piston moves up again to expel the burnt gases from the cylinder.

Technical Diagram of Internal Combustion Engine

The diagram below illustrates the four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine: